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Time-Serie Mining Module of a Data Mining System
Klement, Ondřej ; Bartík, Vladimír (referee) ; Zendulka, Jaroslav (advisor)
The subject of this master's thesis is extension of existing data mining system. System will be extended by the module for the time series data mining. This thesis consists of common introduction to data mining issues and continues with time series analysis. Thesis then also contains some of the current tasks and algorithms used in time series data mining, follows by the concept of the implementation and description of the choosen mining method. Possible future system's improvments are disscused at the end of the paper.
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Selekce potravy bobrem evropským (Castor fiber) ve čtyřech ročních obdobích
Macháčková, Kateřina
This thesis deals with the evaluation of Eurasian beaver foraging in cultural landscapes. The theoretical part is devoted to the existing knowledge concerning the selection of food by beavers and the factors influencing it. In the practical part, a total of nine stomachs of hunted or dead beaver individuals from different seasons are evaluated by means of the volumetric method. The results indicate that the ratios of the major constituents change during the seasons. As expected, the woody component is represented in the winter months, while its composition varies during the growing season. In summer, among other things, the representation of field crops is interesting. In spring and autumn there are transitions between woody and green biomass.
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Seasonal dynamics of mats composed by green alga Zygnema (Zygnematophyceae)
Trumhová, Kateřina
The mats formed by Zygnema spp. are well known and frequently found in streams, puddles, seepages, and ponds. Owing to the low and inconsistent water quantity of these biotopes, algae are periodically subjected to stresses like desiccation, freezing, or strong solar radiation. Recent studies have revealed that Zygnema survives various stresses in pre-akinetes, modified resistant vegetative cells. However, earlier experiments mostly aimed at osmotic stress and desiccation. Moreover, the mats formed by these algae have seasonal dynamics that have been observed several times, not only in temperate conditions but also in the Arctic. Field observations revealed that most of the biomass is periodically lost, and new mats are formed every year. Simultaneously, we know little about the genetic composition of the mats and how it changes over time; previous work has focused mainly on the mats as an entirety. Therefore, this work mainly aimed to subject the mats formed by the algae Zygnema spp. to long-term observation and subsequent experiments. We selected a region in the Austrian Alps, which we visited several times a year, and sampled two sites with different water regimes. Further research in collaboration with colleagues occurred in the Arctic. Zygnema spp. strains were subsequently isolated from the...
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Seasonal dynamics of mats composed by green alga Zygnema (Zygnematophyceae)
Trumhová, Kateřina ; Pichrtová, Martina (advisor) ; Remias, Daniel (referee) ; Žárský, Jakub (referee)
The mats formed by Zygnema spp. are well known and frequently found in streams, puddles, seepages, and ponds. Owing to the low and inconsistent water quantity of these biotopes, algae are periodically subjected to stresses like desiccation, freezing, or strong solar radiation. Recent studies have revealed that Zygnema survives various stresses in pre-akinetes, modified resistant vegetative cells. However, earlier experiments mostly aimed at osmotic stress and desiccation. Moreover, the mats formed by these algae have seasonal dynamics that have been observed several times, not only in temperate conditions but also in the Arctic. Field observations revealed that most of the biomass is periodically lost, and new mats are formed every year. Simultaneously, we know little about the genetic composition of the mats and how it changes over time; previous work has focused mainly on the mats as an entirety. Therefore, this work mainly aimed to subject the mats formed by the algae Zygnema spp. to long-term observation and subsequent experiments. We selected a region in the Austrian Alps, which we visited several times a year, and sampled two sites with different water regimes. Further research in collaboration with colleagues occurred in the Arctic. Zygnema spp. strains were subsequently isolated from the...
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Year-round specialists? Habitat niches of migratory birds on breeding and non-breeding grounds
Zálišová, Jaromíra ; Procházka, Petr (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
Migratory birds undertake challenging journeys over vast distances each year to cope with seasonality in their environment and to exploit peaks in seasonal resources. The environments in which they are found in these geographically distinct regions over the course of the annual cycle vary considerably, forcing them to cope with a wide range of conditions. By examining whether migratory birds are year-round specialists that follow their niche or generalists that inhabit a broader range of habitats, we can better understand their ecology and the conservation implications associated with global change. However, our knowledge of habitat selection across seasons is still limited. This thesis aimed to explore and evaluate, through a literature review, existing knowledge on habitat selection by migratory bird species on breeding and wintering grounds. Emphasis was placed on the mechanisms influencing habitat selection, including geographical and anthropogenic influences, as well as to clarify the ecological requirements and potential specialization of migratory birds during their annual cycle. The current literature shows that migratory birds are most likely less opportunistic than previously thought, but a comprehensive analysis of data on habitat use by individual species is still missing and I would...
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Long-term tendencies of spatiotemporal differentiation of unemployment in Czechia with emphasis on seasonality
Havej, Petr ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hasman, Jiří (referee)
This master thesis belongs thematically to the research of long-term trends of spatio-temporal differentiation in the Czech Republic. Within this theme, it focuses on several objectives. The first of them concerns the search for appropriate scale levels and region types for time-space analyzes of unemployment in the Czech Republic and the definition of as many homogeneous regions as possible in terms of the unemployment rate. Subsequently, the work at the appropriate level defined in this way focuses on the next goal, which is to reveal and describe the development of seasonality in unemployment in the Czech Republic. As part of this goal, the effort is to determine the significance of the phenomenon of seasonality in unemployment, its development in space and time, and to define groups of regions that are more or less affected by this phenomenon. One of the partial goals is also to reveal the development of spatial differentiation in unemployment in the last few years. The work uses detailed monthly data on the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic at the municipal level for the years 2002-2021 published by the Ministry of the Interior. The methods used in this work are entirely quantitative in nature, they come from the group of (time) spatial analyses, which include, for example, LISA, as well...
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Seasonality and weather conditions jointly drive flight activity patterns of aquatic and terrestrial chironomids
VEBROVÁ, Lucie
Dispersal by flight is crucial for long-term survival of organisms inhabiting dynamic environments, especially small standing waters. Surprisingly, flight activity of the most abundant macroinvertebrate group in standing freshwater habitats, the Chironomidae, has rarely been studied, leaving a gap in our understanding of the environmental drivers of their dispersal activity. The goal of this study was to investigate flight activity of adult chironomids on diel and seasonal timescales in sandpit pools in the Czech Republic. We show that aquatic and terrestrial chironomids use partly alternating time windows for their flight and partly differ in their responses to weather conditions. We also compare our results to previous studies that analysed the impact of weather conditions on flight activity of aquatic insects.
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Movements within non-breeding grounds in terrestrial migratory birds
Kadlecová, Barbora ; Brlík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee)
In recent years, the ecology of migratory birds has been a frequently studied subject especially due to modern tracking technologies. However, facts about behaviour of migratory birds on wintering areas are still limited. This thesis gathers information about movements within non-breeding grounds and stationary behaviour of terrestrial birds on wintering areas and about reasons of the movements. The majority of described movements occurred in Africa and South America and they were usually made by insectivorous songbirds. Majority of published data describes long-distance movements above 100 km. The most discussed factor of the movements was an availability of food which is affected by vegetation and the seasonal weather. Apart from the environmental factors I considered inner factors too, e. g. age or sex of birds. I also proposed some additional factors as a potential cause of movements within non-breeding grounds. The information about movements on wintering areas could serve as ground for further research of the behaviour of birds on wintering grounds, the influence of environmental conditions on the ecology of migratory birds and the information could also improve the protection of migratory birds.
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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and other factors on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic
Schusterová, Josefína ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
This thesis focuses primarily on determining the potential effect of Covid-19 on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic, measured by the daily volume of traffic collisions. The additional incorporation of weather and seasonal fac- tors contributes to the complexity and uniqueness of this work. Although it is possible to Ąnd relevant foreign literature on the relationship between the pandemic and traffic accidents, this phenomenon has not been widely studied in the Czech Republic. The hypotheses were tested by applying the Ordinary Least Squares es- timation on time series data. The frequency of traffic accidents signiĄcantly decreased with the presence of Covid-19 disease, especially during the state lockdown periods. A similar pattern was observed by the remaining analysed categories of collisions, except for those with alcohol and drugs detected by the offender, which were positively inĆuenced by the pandemic. The wind is the only statistically insigniĄcant weather variable in our analysis, and the state holidays all turn out to signiĄcantly affect the number of traffic accidents. Over- all, the thesis contributes to the revelation of traffic trends during the Covid-19 disease and helps to predict the traffic safety situation in a possible future state of emergency of a similar kind.
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